Daybreak at the Straits and Other Poems
by Eric Ormsby ISBN: 1932023143
Post Your Opinion | | A Review of: Daybreak at the Straits and Other Poems by Brian BartlettWhen Emerson writes-in one of his greatest essays, "Experience",
from 1844-"I know better than to claim any completeness for
my picture. I am a fragment, and this is a fragment of me,"
he's talking in part about his own essay, his own art. "Like
a bird which alights anywhere," he continues, trying out another
metaphor, "but hops perpetually from bough to bough, is the
Power which abides in no man and in no woman, but for a moment
speaks from this one, and for another moment from that one."
What Emerson says above might apply to the vast array of poets we
can read from diverse times, nationalities, languages, and aesthetic
directions. A "universal" poet could be an intriguing
subject for a science-fiction novel, but isn't of this world. Even
the poet most often called "god-like", born in
Stratford-upon-Avon, has limitations. Even he doesn't offer many
combinations of style and structure and many kinds of linguistic
distinctness found in poets both before and after his time. That's
one reason a shelf's worth of poets gives us more than any one poet
can. If we love Milton's sonorousness and superbly dramatic enjambments
but sooner or later crave something more conversational, we might
pick up Frost. If we begin to find Frost evasive, how about Amichai?
If our reading of Amichai in English eventually feels frustrated
because we can't hear the original sounds of his Hebrew, we might
from Dickinson's hymn-like stanzas, there are always the wide lines
of Lorca's A Poet in New York. To quote again from Emerson: "It
needs the whole society to give the symmetry we seek."
This isn't meant to suggest that we should curb our expectations
of specific poets, simply appreciate whatever they give us, and
stifle our thoughts about what's missing in their art. The hunger
for largeness and genre-challenging poetics is healthy-unless we
move too quickly, even with poets we admire, from understanding to
judgment, and lightly, even begrudgingly, praise them before arguing
how they might become a more comprehensive poet. When a reader wants
a poet of one kind to be a poet of another kind, he or she can
become like a child who, visiting a zoo, only wants to see the lions
and tigers, and tugs impatiently at their parent's hand when they
stand before zebras or gnus. The most valuable poets-or arguably,
all good poets-are inimitable and irreplaceable, but there are other
inimitable, irreplaceable poets, and every one is fenced in by the
characteristics of their individuality. . .. .
For those of us who believe that Ormsby's For a Modest God: New and
Selected Poems is one of the touchstones of the best English language
poetry from the past decade, Daybreak at the Straits carries on the
strengths and satisfactions of that book. Unlike his previous
collection, Araby, a happy experiment welcome for the ways it opened
Ormsby's oeuvre to new territory, Daybreak at the Straits is more
like a further chapter of For a Modest God than like a trip into
unexpected regions. The new book includes poems that should be
ear-marked for inclusion in a second Ormsby Selected (I could list
twice the number, but here's a start: "What the Snow Was
Not", "A Fragrance of Time", "Two Views of My
Grandfather's Courting Letters", "Little Auguries",
the title poem, "Watchdog and Rooster", "Microcosm",
"Against Memorials"). Ormsby's collection can easily be
divided into categories such as nature poems, landscape poems,
childhood and family poems, metaphysical poems, comic or light
poems, narrative poems, and poems about time.
Another outstanding aspect of his poems is the diction. Anyone
wondering why Ormsby employs such elaborate vocabulary need only
read his memoir, "The Place of Shakespeare in the House of
Pain", in his book of prose Facsimiles of Time. There he
describes how in his Florida childhood he was drawn to the "august
witchery of language" through the frequent quoting of Shakespeare
by his grandmother and his aunt. >From the time he was compelled
to memorize passages of Shakespeare at the age of seven, Ormsby has
been someone for whom language is an incantatory, theatrical,
tongue-pleasing, melodious force. That may be one source of the
occasional distracting passages in his poems where I'm reminded of
John Muir's stylistic recommendation to himself about "slaughtering
gloriouses" (in a recent, largely laudatory essay in Canadian
Notes & Queries, David O'Meara discusses a few such passages).
Delighting-in-all-the-nooks-and-crannies-of-English gusto, however,
is also one source of Ormsby's uniqueness. Daybreak at the Straits
is flavoured with the verbs "flack and deckle", "knicker
and clip", and "psalmodizes", as well as (in the
longstanding English tradition of turning nouns into verbs)
"monuments", "labyrinths", and "Ixion".
Ormsby also thankfully ignores the advice of those biased against
adjectives to such a degree that I was tempted to say that in his
poems adjectives are what metaphors are in Sinclair's (but he's
also a tireless inventor of metaphors). In all strong poetry, we
encounter word joinings we can't recall finding before, but such
joinings are even more frequent in Ormsby's lines than in the lines
of many other fine poets. Savour these: "sphagnum chasms",
"zealous spoons", "citrine tincture",
"burlesque / Doodlebug", "patina instants",
"saxifrage / stubbornness", "tasseled rhetoric",
or, moving on to compound adjectives, "grass-sprigged
masonry", "winter-dociled bee", "wind-stunned
fruit", and "sea-lathed skeleton". At times Ormsby's
comedy erupts from his adjectival word-play: "paradisal
mayonnaise", "cacklephilous concubines", "yap-infested
bozo", "snort-eloquent". Just listing such phrases,
like listing Sinclair's metaphors, unfortunately robs them of context
and risks making them seem over-spectacular. So it's worth noting
that in nearly every case the adjectives are not there for the sake
of novelty but are accurate and revealing. Ormsby's diction is so
intoxicating that it's understandable how sometimes readers might
feel relieved by the plainer speech and quieter effects in his
lines. Our happiness with swimming in the baroque waters of such
poems depends in part upon whether we consider the term "rich"
positive or pejorative. Some of us, too, may question whether there's
now and then a forced excitement in Ormsby's extensive use of the
apostrophe "O", even though the exclamation is often used
jauntily or jestingly.
While some poets move from observation to metaphor-or to simultaneously
observe and metaphorize-Ormsby often shows as much interest in
surface, appearance and fact as in imaginative transformation.
Though he's rarely far from metaphor, he spends more lines elaborating
upon single images. Ormsby's "A Dachshund in Bohemia"
keeps its eye on the dog until its last line, honouring its
"unmerciful mouth", its "low-slung hammock belly",
and its wagging "from muzzle to tail-tip". "Rowing
into the Glades" spends nearly fifty lines recalling a childhood
episode in the Everglades when a snapping turtle pulled a marsh hen
to its underwater death. Another wide-ranging element of Ormsby's
book is the great variety of its speakers: it has whole poems giving
voice to the wife of Lazarus and an Emperor Penguin, along with
passages spoken by a rooster, a worm, sofas and curtains, and a
potato; needless to say, these are usually poems where comedy is
ripe.
Ormsby's book ends disappointingly for me with the villanelle
"Lines Written after Reading Thomas Kempis". The poem
itself is a fine meditative piece; my qualm isn't with it, but with
the structural choice to make it the conclusion of the book. Its
final lines, "Take comfort from your nothingness. / Get pleasure
from becoming less", are surely both too directive and too
ascetic to serve as a reminder of the book's generosity of spirit
and its curiosity about so many things. Other poems-the title poem,
or "A Fragrance of Time", or "Our Spiders" (with
its poetical spiders described as "theatrical",
"musical", "convivial", and
"rhapsodical")--would've felt more appropriate and rewarding
as the collection's conclusion. Even the introductory poem, "The
Jewel Box", would've made an ending faithful to the exuberance
of the collection, its last lines reading:
Our ancestors are stronger than the taste
of some abandoned attar we still find
back of the jewel box where sweet shadows wind
remembrance out of fragrance until our tongues
burn like the first air breathed into newborn lungs.
The villanelle's "nothingness" and "becoming less"
that end the book say less about Ormsby's poetry than
"fragrance", "tongues / burn", and "newborn
lungs".
We're fortunate to see the publication of Daybreak at the Straits.
It helps to illustrate Emerson's statement in his essay "The
Poet" that "the quality of the imagination is to flow,
and not to freeze." When we read Ormsby, to go back again to
Emerson's "The Poet", we may feel "like persons who
come out of a cave or a cellar into the open air."
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