| A Review of: The Moon in Its Flight by Jeff BurseyReading this collection of twenty short pieces, which cover thirty-five
years of creativity, is like stealing time for a favourite pursuit
on a summer's afternoon. Despite containing unending marital strife,
heavy drinking, and the casual, occasionally fretted over, sexual
infidelities, the material remains airy. Few of the tales are
conventional, many digress, and one or two never make it past the
setup. None are stories, if one maintains that, among other things,
stories ought to present character development, have plot arcs,
depict settings with realism, and place people in believable
situations. Throughout The Moon in Its Flight the reader is encouraged
to disregard the importance of verisimilitude. "Psychopathology
of Everyday Life" takes place in a nebulous somewhere: "Let's
put the center of events in a publishing house or advertising agency
or public-relations company. Some business on the East Side..."
Part of the title story takes place in a quickly fabricated setting:
"A girl named Sheila whose father owned a fleet of taxis gave
a reunion party in her parents' apartment in Forest Hills. Where
else would it be? I will insist on purchased elegance or nothing.
None of your warm and cluttered apartments in this story, cats on
the stacks of books, and so on." What is present throughout
is Sorrentino's delight in replacing the usual contrivances of
stories and novels with other contrivances.
Part of Sorrentino's argument is that character, plot and setting
have always been suspect, as they never can provide a reality that
is actually real. Instead of an old and creaking artificial environment
to read within, then, he offers the equivalent to contemporary
architecture where beams and struts are exposed. It is no less
artificial a structure, but it does not suppose that there is a
world which can be described in words. (When Bellow and Updike are
mentioned by a narrator, the implication is that their fictive
worlds are aesthetically out of date.) In "Sample Writing
Sample" a manifesto is quietly put forward:
"By paying strict, even rapt attention to the false world that
will deal with certain aspects of life, embroidered, as they must
be embroidered, we may gain an understanding of, well, real things
as they really are. This is how literature works, if works' is the
word. I do not describe narrative, or this narrative, as false so
as to mock or denigrate it, but to differentiate it from the real
world that exists, despite all, for all of us, outside the narrative.
And that is so even if the narrative appears to represent a number
of aspects of that real world in, as might be said, moving and
well-written prose."
Most of the tales target novelists and poets (all mediocre) and
those who encourage them, as well as those who possess a slender
ability to write and end up working in advertising agencies. The
composition of their conversations is filled with slander, braggadocio
and declarations of what they would do for art. How they speak is
little different from James Jones, Norman Mailer and William Styron,
as related in Hilary Mills's Norman Mailer: "... Styron suddenly
stopped on a street corner and put his arms around Jones and Mailer,
saying, Hey, fellas, isn't it wonderful? The three greatest young
American writers, and here we are together.'" Sorrentino has
one male narrator put it this way: "It is emotionally numbing
for me to acknowledge, to admit, that I never thought of these
perpetual visitors [to the apartment he and his wife have opened
to other artists] as anything other than legitimate, as the cream
of the tottering fifties. We made fun, we actually, good Christ,
made fun of other people!"
Far more relevant than employment are the pretensions and aspirations
of each figure, for appearances and desires help place people within
the artistic class. "A certain Babs, who yearned to wear small
black hats with dotted veils, sheer off-black stockings, black suede
pumps, and flattering accessories, had to deny herself this pleasure
since her husband was seeking tenure and that was that for
couture." In "Decades" the narrator says, of someone
named Ben, that his "father did something. Whatever your father
does, that's what he did..." Readers conditioned to expect
grounding in a shared experience, such as the working world may be
called, will go begging here. A disregard for background material
is in keeping with Sorrentino's view that, since stories don't
present reality, it's worthless and beside the point to provide
so-called concrete details meant to beguile the reader into thinking
that what is about to be said is true because of made-up facts'.
So when the narrator of "In Loveland", a cuckolded husband,
declares that "Reality, or, if you will, that which we constrain
ourselves to believe, is, beyond all philosophies, also that which
we make of what happened," this echoes the reader's interpretative
reaction to this book.
In concentrating on writers or those who have literary pretensions,
there's little separating Sorrentino from other novelists who
repeatedly situate activity in the same locales or activities. He
doesn't escape the complaint that he writes too often about a select
group. To help explain this, one critic quotes the narrator of
Sorrentino's roman clef, Imaginative Qualities of Actual Things
(1971): "Do you think for a moment that an artist selects his
theme? It is all simple obsession." Obsessions occasionally
can be resisted, but the point is taken. There are consequences
when the attention on writers takes the prominent place it did in
that novel; for one thing, it angered people Sorrentino knew and
ended relationships. In this collection, "Life and Letters"
appears to address such consequences, as Edward Krefitz writes a
story that he hopes will be read by "the one person he dearly
wanted to read the story and be hurt by it..." What compensates
for Sorrentino's emphasis on writers is the wicked malice exhibited
towards his own kind.
Figures without substance take the place of characters throughout
these pieces-though "In Loveland" and "Things That
Have Stopped Moving" provide narrators of some depth, relatively
speaking-and they differ little from one another (one example, among
many, of Sorrentino's resemblance to Wyndham Lewis). When named at
all, most are labelled Ben, Claire or Clara, and are animated types
rather than individuals. As an example, in "The Moon in Its
Flight", Rebecca and a young man fall in love, though the
likelihood of them having a future is out of their hands. This
offers an opportunity for the narrator to illustrate yet again the
falseness of fiction while taking a swipe at other, i.e. lesser,
artists: "Isn't there anyone, any magazine writer or avant-garde
filmmaker, any lover of life or dedicated optimist out there who
will move them toward a cottage..." so they can be alone? In
a later piece, "Times Without Number", a note relates
that 118 sentences from "The Moon in Its Flight" are
combined with sentences plucked from works not written by Sorrentino.
(This is an exercise in style, like "A Beehive Arranged on
Humane Principles" which is written entirely in questions.)
By removing unique' sentences from one work, which many readers
would have comfortably regarded as suited to that work alone, and
placing them in another context, Sorrentino erases the circumstances
of the lovers. Their fate, their place in art, is abolished, and
the words used to convey their predicament can be cannibalized. The
narrator of "Psychopathology of Everyday Life" sums up
Sorrentino's approach: "...and while the specific nuances of
feeling manifested by the characters,' let me call them..."
There are no characters, only figures who possess no more reality'
than do the Aristotelian unities. It's a cruel world, wherein
"Art cannot rescue anybody from anything," as the narrator
admits at the end of "The Moon in Its Flight".
The notion of a controlling narrator is another device Sorrentino
plays with. The narrator occasionally will phrase things in a
haphazard way-"Some young man, Bill will do for a name";
"This is the McCoy!' I'll have him say, or something like it,
Oh boy!' perhaps." At other times there is a clear, if
unpredictable, flexing of narrative muscles, as when the narrator
of "Perdido" says of a young boy named Justin: "Where,
you may ask, was the child in this turmoil of art and love and
life?... He became dyslexic-known in those days as dumb,' hyperactive...
I could, as I don't have to tell you, have made him into a solid
citizen rather than a lout." Generally, the impression is that
the narrators form a set of clumsy fumblers trying to communicate,
while the narratives are meta-representations of what stories
supposedly look like. Yet there is no clumsiness on Sorrentino's
part.
The Moon in Its Flight is billed by its publishers (who also issued
Sorrentino's 2002 novel, Little Casino) as a collection of short
stories, which is probably necessary but seems inaccurate. While
"Lost In The Stars" is a weak meditation on the events
of September 11, 2001, the nineteen remaining pieces foreground
technique more than anything else, and frequently avoid any attempt
to tell a story'. In an interview published in 2001, Sorrentino
stated: "...I have always attempted to achieve a formal pattern
decided upon before I write, that is, I don't start with the idea
for a story, I start with the idea for realizing a form..."
This philosophy can put off some readers, for there is often
resistance to literary fiction if it is too literary. But Sorrentino
achieves his goals, and retains the company of the reader, by
combining a particular sense of humour (e.g., "The Dignity of
Labour", "It's Time to Call It A Day") with a firm
commitment to his aesthetic purposes. The Moon in Its Flight is a
refreshing work from a distinguished author.
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